Probably one of the most universal cosmetics, the lipstick has been around for a long time. In fact, it dates back to medieval times. The first known solid lipsticks were perfumed sticks. The Egyptians reportedly made red lipsticks from fucus-algin and bromine mannite, while the upper class of Mesopotamia applied crushed semi-precious jewels on their lips.
There are many types of lipstick, but the basic components are oil, wax and pigment. These three ingredients provide a long-lasting color and a hydrating, spreadable texture that is easy to apply. Many lipsticks also contain ingredients such as antioxidants and preservatives that keep them from going rancid.
The first step in the manufacturing process is to mix the ingredients. This can be done manually or using automated equipment. If the formula is too stiff, an emollient can be added. Some producers use vacuum equipment to remove air from the product. Aside from the base ingredients, other supplemental materials may be added to make the product more glossy. These supplemental materials can range from complex organic compounds to entirely natural ingredients.
The second step involves heating the raw ingredients in separate containers. Some of the main ingredients include waxes, oils and antioxidants. When the ingredients are heated, they are melted. The resulting liquid is then poured into a cold metal mold. The melting point of common waxes varies. Some waxes have a melting point of 63 to 78 deg C. The higher the melting point, the more wax will be in the final product.
The next step involves a mechanical stir. In some cases, a roller mill is used to pulverize the ingredients. The pigments, coloured powders, give the lipstick its color. These powders are colored and are ground with a machine. The pigments also give the product its name.
A third step involves pouring the lipstick mass into a mold. The mold has a bottom that fits tightly with the top of the tube. The mass is then dispensed into the mold upside down. This provides a smudge-proof finish.
The final step is to inspect the finished product. The mass is inspected for air holes and mold separation lines. This is done visually, as well as by testing the product to ensure it meets the specifications. If the mass does not meet the specifications, the product is reworked.
Aside from the ingredients listed above, the ingredients in lipstick vary greatly. Some lipsticks contain trace metals, such as lead, which can accidentally contaminate other ingredients during production. In addition, some lipsticks contain active ingredients such as skincare or sunscreen actives. These active ingredients may be added to the lipstick to make it smoother. Other lipsticks may contain emollients to make the product more hydrating.
The most notable feature of lipstick is its longevity. Preservatives are added to prevent mold from growing and bacteria from growing. In addition, antioxidants prevent the oils from going rancid. The benefits of wearing lipstick are long-lasting color, a bright smile, and a healthy lip.